Heart Disease – Is flax oil or fish oil better to reduce heart disease?
A recent study published this past September compared the benefits of flax oil versus fish oil in raising blood levels of heart healthy omega 3’s. Adequate omega 3 intake is linked to lower blood pressure, lower triglycerides, increased HDL cholesterol, and reduced arterial inflammation.
Flax oil contains the omega 3 fatty acid ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), while fish oil contains EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). The benefits of ALA continue to be studied, but EPA and DHA have been positively linked to heart benefits.
The body can convert ALA to EPA and DHA, but it’s been well known that this conversion process is not efficient. According to a recent study published in Nutrition Reviews, 8-20% of ALA is converted into EPA. From this, only 0.5-9% is converted to DHA.
To test the benefits of ALA supplements (flax oil) in amounts commonly consumed, the study followed 62 firefighters. The participants were divided into 6 groups and monitored for 12 weeks. Here are the six groups:
1.2 grams of flax oil per day
2.4 grams of flax oil per day
3.4 grams of flax oil per day
0.6 grams of fish oil per day
1.2 grams of fish oil per day
Sunflower placebo
Results showed an increase of EPA and DHA in the blood for those taking both levels of fish oil supplements. The EPA levels in red blood cells almost doubled by the studies end.
Now, the flax oil supplements did not have the same result. Those receiving 1.2 grams of flax oil daily did not show a significant rise in EPA and DHA, only ALA. The 2.4 g and 3.6 g flax oil supplements increased ALA, EPA, and DHA levels. EPA was increased 30% with a 2.4 g supplement and 40% with 3.6 g of flax oil daily. However, there was no corresponding increase in DHA. This confirmed the original belief that conversion of ALA into DHA is minimal.
The results of this study support my recommendations related to omega 3 supplements. First, consume a diet rich in omega 3 fatty acids (i.e. fish, nuts, flaxseed). Second, select a fish oil supplement high in EPA and DHA. Choose a supplement with 850 mg of DHA and EPA per gram of fish oil. Third, if you do not tolerate fish oil, select a flax oil supplement providing at least 1 gram of omega 3 fatty acids daily.
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All the best,
Lisa Nelson RD
Lower Cholesterol – Top Omega 3 Sources to Lower Cholesterol
If you have been following along, you know from the article "Get a Grip on Fatty Acids" that the right ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids promotes a lower cholesterol.
The goal is not to cut omega 6 fatty acids (such as corn oil, beef, and chicken) completely from the diet, but to achieve a ratio of 4:1 or 1:1 omega 6 to omega 3. In order to attain this ratio you need to increase your omega 3 intake.
Your options for doing this:
1. Eat fish at least twice a week.
If you like fish, this would be my first choice. Fish contains DHA. Research is starting to indicate health benefits, such as lower cholesterol, lower triglycerides, and higher HDL (good) cholesterol, linked to DHA alone. Be aware of mercury content of fish, especially if you are pregnant.
2. Take a fish oil supplement.
Start with the smallest bottle you can find and make sure you do not have the unpleasant side effect of burping with a fishy aftertaste. Not everyone has this problem, so you may be fine. To decrease likelihood of this problem I recommend taking the supplement and then eating. That way something is "on top" of the fish oil. Fish oil has a tendency to go rancid, so keep supplement refrigerated, especially if you buy a bottle of 250 or more.
3. Flaxseed.
You can buy flaxseed two different ways – whole seed or ground. In order for the body to utilize the omega-3 fatty acids, flaxseed must be ground. If the flaxseed is not ground it passes straight through the body without being absorbed. Flaxseed is high in fiber, so by ingesting whole flaxseed you have increased your fiber intake, which is beneficial, but if you grind your flaxseed you will have the added benefit of increasing your omega-3 fatty acid intake and lowering cholesterol.
4. Flaxseed oil supplement.
Provides the omega 3 fatty acid ALA in a simple supplement. Now, ALA is not as effective as DHA and EPA at lowering cholesterol, but still results in an improved ratio of omega 3 to omega 6. Again, may go rancid so refrigerate.
5. Add omega 3 nut and seed sources to your daily intake.
Especially walnuts, pumpkin seeds, Brazil nuts, and sesame seeds. Nuts are high calorie, so watch your intake. If you gain weight, you are not doing your heart any favors!
Access the ecourse How to Lower Cholesterol in 8 Simple Steps HERE.
All the best,
Lisa Nelson RD
